Gambaran Kasus Stunting Pada 10 Desa Di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Tahun 2018

Abstract

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in infants due to chronic malnutrition so that the child is considered too short for his age, and it causes the level of intelligence not optimal, more susceptible to disease, and reduce productivity. Based on data from the Department of Health, stunting cases in the Tanah Bumbu regency are  4% out of 19,823 infants and toddlers who visit posyandu. This study uses a cross-sectional design, and data sources obtained from the Health Office, which includes re-measuring infants, interviews with toddler parents and environmental observations. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods through SPSS program. Based on remeasurements of stunting, there were 36 children considered normal, this was all due because of an errors in recording the date of birth and errors in length/height measurements. Risk factors that trigger stunting based on the observation were the level of education and occupation of parents, the age of the mother at marriage, sex, consumption of blood-added tablets during pregnancy, birth weight and length, exclusive breastfeeding, economic status, parental height and history of infectious diseases. Measurement errors in infants cause stunting rates in Tanah Bumbu District to be higher than they should be. Thus, to overcome this problem, it can be done by training posyandu cadres and using standard anthropometric tools.

Keywords: Stunting, Risk Factor, Toddler Measurement 

Abstrak

Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada balita akibat kekurangan gizi kronis sehingga anak terlalu pendek untuk usianya, menyebabkan tingkat kecerdasan tidak maksimal, lebih rentan penyakit dan menurunkan produktivitas. Berdasarkan data di dinas kesehatan kasus stunting di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu sebesar 4% dari 19.823 bayi dan balita yang datang ke posyandu. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, sumber data di dapat dari dinas kesehatan, pengukuran ulang balita, wawancara kepada orang tua balita dan pengamatan lingkungan. Data yang didapat kemudian dilakukan analisis menggunakan program SPSS. Berdasarkan pengukuran ulang pada balita terduga stunting ditemukan 36 balita dalam kondisi normal, hal ini disebabkan peningkatan tinggi badan, kesalahan pencatatan tanggal lahir dan kesalahan pengukuran panjang/tinggi badan. Faktor risiko pencetus stunting, yaitu tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan orang tua, usia ibu saat menikah, jenis kelamin, konsumsi tablet tambah darah selama kehamilan, berat dan panjang badan lahir, pemberian ASI eksklusif, status ekonomi, tinggi badan orangtua dan riwayat penyakit infeksi. Kesalahan pengukuran pada balita menyebabkan angka stunting di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu lebih tinggi dari yang seharusnya, sehingga untuk mengatasi hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan pelatihan kepada kader posyandu dan penggunaan alat antropometri yang standar

Kata Kunci: Stunting, Faktor Risiko, Pengukuran Balita